Improving CPF

1.             CPF – underpins our social security system

a.             Good system that has served us well

b.             Funded by contributions from both workers and employers, not out of taxes 

c.             Meets three key needs

i.               Housing

ii.             Retirement income

iii.           Medical care

d.             But CPF system has to be adjusted and brought up to date

i.               When CPF started, life expectancy was 61

ii.             Now it is 80

e.             Three changes:

i.               Improve the returns on CPF savings

ii.             Draw down your CPF savings later so that they last longer

iii.           Cover risk of living longer than expected

Improving Returns

2.             First question – how to increase returns on CPF savings?

a.             CPF pays interest – currently 2.5% for Ordinary Account (OA), and 4.0% for Special, Medisave and Retirement Accounts (SMRA)

b.             Like a savings account in the bank, but better

c.             Totally risk-free – balances guaranteed by Government

d.             Returns sometimes lower than buying shares, but not like buying shares, where you can make big or lose big (like recently)

e.             Those who want higher returns and accept higher risks can invest their money themselves, through the CPF Investment Scheme (CPFIS)

3.             Our main focus is to help the lower- and middle-income groups

a.             Many have modest balances

b.             Half of active CPF accounts are below $45,000

i.               Active means people who are working and contributing

ii.             Includes younger workers just starting to save

iii.           Older workers will have higher balances

c.             Unwise to encourage these members to invest on their own in stocks, shares etc

i.               Do not have enough savings

ii.             Do not have expertise

iii.           Should not expose themselves to excessive risks

iv.           In fact, many who have invested on their own have not done well

4.             Solution

a.             Enhance existing risk-free framework

b.             CPFB will pay higher interest, up to a cap

i.               1 percentage point more

(1)          On first $20,000 in your Ordinary Account

(2)          And on up to a total of $60,000 on your combined Accounts (i.e. OA + SMRA) 

ii.             More than half the active members will get 1% more on all their balances

iii.           You can still use the $60,000 for housing or medical expenses 

iv.           But not to take out to invest on your own (through CPFIS)

c.             Beyond $60,000, maintain status quo

i.               If you have this much, you should be able to look after yourself

ii.             Can invest money yourself through the CPFIS

5.             This 1% more will make a big difference

a.             A young man who starts work today at 21, earns $1,700 per month, and buys a 4R HDB flat, will earn about $20,000 more interest at 55 

b.             i.e. one-quarter more interest than before

c.             Cost Govern­ment $700 mn a year initially, and the amount will grow in future as members save more in their CPF

d.             A lot of money – equal to the entire government grant to the HDB every year ($750 mn)

e.             Done our sums carefully to make sure it is a reasonable rate to pay on CPF balances, and which the government can afford

f.               Right thing to do, to help low- and middle-income Singa­poreans save enough for old age

6.             Reassurance to those who own or plan to purchase HDB flats – no change to concessionary HDB loan rate formula

Delaying Drawdown

7.             Second question – how to make CPF savings last for member’s life expectancy?

a.             Currently at age 55

i.               Set aside Minimum Sum

ii.             Settled this in the last round of CPF changes

iii.           No change 

b.             Age 62

i.               Start to draw down from Minimum Sum and collect your monthly payments for up to 20 years

ii.             This is the Draw-Down Age (or DDA) for the Minimum Sum

c.             Recall problem that Mdm Ng faces

i.               Even with higher interest, if we start drawing down CPF too early, the money will run out too soon

ii.             If we start later, the Minimum Sum will last longer

iii.           If you defer draw down by 1 year, you will earn more interest and the money will last 2 years longer (20 years later)

d.             62 + 20 = 82

i.               But many people will live beyond 82 – more than half, especially women!

ii.             Hence need to raise DDA

8.             We are legislating for re-employment till 65, and pushing hard to get more people working into their 60s

a.             Must raise the DDA to match

9.             Will raise DDA progressively

a.             Re-employment till 65 starts in 2012

b.             Correspondingly start raising the DDA in 2012

c.             Raise progressively year by year

d.             Reach 65 by 2018

e.             Then Minimum Sum will last till you are 65 + 20 = 85, which is better

10.        Impact on age groups

a.             Those nearing 62 (58 and above) – not affected

b.             Those slightly younger – DDA goes up just a little

c.             Those not approaching 62 yet (53 and below) – DDA goes up to 65

d.             Press will carry the details tomorrow

11.        I know this is not so popular

a.             ST survey – everybody wanted higher CPF returns, wanted to work longer, was worried about saving enough for retirement, but few wanted to delay the DDA!

b.             But we have no choice – people living longer, we must work longer, and start drawing on our savings later

c.             Hence must start moving now

12.        Govern­ment will give something extra to help older workers affected by this deferment of the DDA (those in their 50s)

a.             Pay one-off bonus interest into their CPF RAs – a “D-Bonus” (Deferment Bonus)

b.             Also bonus for those who voluntarily defer their DDA, even if they are 58 and above – a “V-Bonus” (Voluntary Deferment Bonus”)

c.             Will give details later

Annuities

13.        Third question – what if you live longer than expected?

a.             Risk that your CPF will run out – “longevity risk”

b.             Problem lessened when DDA goes to 65, and Minimum Sum lasts till 85

i.               But many will still live beyond 85

c.             Other pension schemes face the same problem

i.               One solution is annuities

(1)          Pay lump sum to the insurance company

(2)          Get a monthly payment for the rest of your life, however long you live

ii.             e.g. Switzerland

(1)          Individual savings up to 65

(2)          Then convert to a compulsory annuity

14.        CPF allows annuities too

a.             Can convert Minimum Sum to an annuity

b.             But voluntary, not compulsory

c.             Few people take it up

i.               Singaporeans do not quite understand annuities, or the need for them

ii.             Returns are not very attractive

d.             But we still need annuities

15.        Will make some form of annuity compulsory for CPF members

a.             Will apply to those now below 50

b.             We will study, consult industry, educate CPF members, and work out a detailed scheme

Summary of CPF Changes

16.        Three major changes to the CPF:

a.             Higher CPF interest – 1% more on first $60,000

b.             Later DDA – from 62 to 65

c.             Compulsory annuities – for those now below 50

17.        Have outlined the key points

a.             Omitted many details

b.             Ng Eng Hen will make full presentation in Parliament in September

18.        Changes will bring our CPF system up to date, but will not solve problem for all time

a.             Have to continually update the system, with changing needs and demographic trends

b.             In particular we will need to go beyond 65

i.               Both for reemployment, and for DDA

ii.             After we get to 65, will review situation

iii.           And move to 67 once we are ready

c.             If we make these changes in good time, Singaporeans can have peace of mind in their golden years