China's same-sex couples heartened by property protection rights in new civil code

BEIJING: It was an ambush, said He Meili, a 51-year-old lesbian woman, describing how she met with her dead partner's step-parents at a police station where they demanded she leave the apartment the couple had shared for 12 years.

"It was that very moment at the police station when I truly felt the pain of not being protected by the law," she told Reuters.

Her partner, Li Qin, out of superstition that talking about death could hasten it, had not drafted a will or explicitly discussed property ownership matters.

When Li died from lupus in 2016, her step-parents, legally next-of-kin, inherited the apartment in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou and were quick to stick an eviction note on the door.

Chinese law does not criminalise same-sex relationships, but neither does it recognise them, leaving couples like He and Li without recourse in legal disputes.

But with parliament's passage on Thursday (May 28) of China's first civil code, which seeks to better protect the rights of individuals, same-sex couples have been offered hope in property claims. Tucked away among the code's 1,260 articles is a chapter on "the right to reside".

READ: Divorce, harassment and organ donors: China to debate new civil code

It gives a property owner the power to grant another individual the right to live on the property for a term or for life, offering far more legal protection than a will which can be challenged by family members.

"The civil code doesn't put restrictions such as kinship or gender on the people who can be given the right to reside," said Zhang Qianlin, a Shanghai-based lawyer specialising in property law.

In theory, the right can be applied to same-sex couples, he added.

"It could become gospel for the (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community," said He, who had been barred from co-owning the apartment as she was not an official resident of Guangzhou, having moved to the liberal megacity from her hometown in the autonomous Guangxi region.

PROGRESS BUT WORRIES REMAIN

Concerns remain, however, about how implementation of "the right to reside" will work in practice.

While the civil code – due to take effect on Jan 1, 2021 – is second only to the Chinese constitution in legal effect, it is general in nature and the country's judicial system will later issue guidelines on its implementation to judicial officers employed by local authorities.

It is not clear if those guidelines will specify same-sex couples are protected by the "right to reside" and if the wording is vague, the fear is that some local authorities will ignore it.

"Whether it can protect the property rights of same-sex couples is still up for debate," said Yang Jianwei, a lawyer specialising in property law.

READ: China's parliament rules out allowing same-sex marriage

For the time being, however, members of China's LGBT community like Peng Yanhui, 36, are thrilled about the new civil code.

A Guangzhou native, he worries about his 31-year-old partner Yang Yi.

Yang has contributed the most financially to the cost of their 50 sq m apartment, putting up the 300,000 yuan (US$42,000) downpayment, but cannot co-own it as he is from the northwestern province of Gansu.

Their life together is one of domestic bliss, Peng says.

"It is also very dangerous, because the apartment is mine and if anything happens to me, legally the property will go to my parents," said Peng, who never discusses his sexuality with his parents.

He says that while the civil code represents progress, the LGBT community's ultimate goal is for same-sex couples to be included in China's legal definition of marriage.

"Every judicial officer would know what marriage means – no explanation needed," he said.