South Korea announces plan to compensate victims of Japan wartime forced labour
Women hold signs that read "Compensate and apologize for victims of wartime forced labour" during an anti-Japan protest on Liberation Day in Seoul, South Korea, Aug 15, 2019. (File photo: Reuters/Kim Hong-Ji)
SEOUL: South Korea announced a plan on Monday (Mar 6) to compensate victims of Japan's forced wartime labour, hoping to improve poor relations that have impeded trade, and political and military cooperation.
Japan and the United States immediately welcomed the announcement, but victims have criticised the proposal because it falls far short of their demand for a full apology from Tokyo and direct compensation from the Japanese companies involved.
South Korea's main opposition party accused the government of capitulating to Japan.
Seoul and Tokyo have ramped up security cooperation in the face of growing threats from Kim Jong Un's regime, but bilateral ties have long been strained over Tokyo's brutal 1910-45 colonial rule of the Korean peninsula.
Around 780,000 Koreans were conscripted into forced labour by Japan during the 35-year occupation, according to data from Seoul, not including women forced into sexual slavery by Japanese troops.
Under the plan, South Korea would compensate former forced labourers through a public foundation funded by private-sector companies that benefited from a 1965 reparations deal with Tokyo, Foreign Minister Park Jin told a briefing.
"The soured South Korea-Japan relations should no longer be neglected, and we need to end the vicious cycle for the national interest, for the people," Park said. He said he hopes Japan responds sincerely, including by "implementing its previous public statements expressing remorse and apology".
None of the compensation will come from Japanese companies, said Japan's Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi, who told reporters he hoped for further deepening of ties between the countries.
"We welcome this as a step that returns Japan-South Korea relations to a healthy one," he said.
Tokyo insists that the 1965 treaty - which saw the two countries restore diplomatic ties with a reparations package of about US$800 million in grants and cheap loans - settled all claims between the two relating to the colonial period.
Poor relations between the two have been a point of concern for the United States, which is seeking to present a more unified front with its allies against the rising power of China and threats from North Korea's expanding missile and nuclear arsenal.
A Japanese government source close to Prime Minister Fumio Kishida told reporters that the United States has been pressing both countries to reconcile, but that a main factor that triggered President Yoon Suk-yeol's push for reconciliation is the geopolitical threat from North Korea.
SOUTH KOREAN FUNDS
When Seoul first raised the proposal in January, it sparked backlash from victims and their families because it did not include contributions from Japanese companies, including those ordered by South Korean courts to pay reparations.
About a dozen protesters demonstrated outside as Park made the announcement.
"It's a complete victory by Japan, which has said it will not pay a single yen on the forced labour issue," Lim Jae-sung, a lawyer for several victims, said in a Facebook post on Sunday, citing initial media reports of the deal.
The main opposition Democratic Party denounced the plan as "submissive diplomacy".
"It's a day of shame," An Ho-young, a spokesperson for the party, said in a statement. "Japanese companies embroiled in war crimes received indulgence without even budging, and the Japanese government managed to remove a trouble by having the grace to repeat past statements."
Asked whether Japanese companies will pitch in to compensate, Park said both Japanese and South Korean businesses were considering a plan to make voluntary payments, and he understood that the Japanese government did not oppose such contributions.
South Korea's Yonhap news agency, citing unnamed government sources, had said that as part of the deal Seoul and Tokyo had tentatively agreed to create a "future youth fund" to sponsor scholarships with funds from companies in both countries.
EXPORT CURBS
Relations plunged to their lowest point in decades after South Korea's Supreme Court in 2018 ordered Japanese firms to pay reparations to former forced labourers. Fifteen South Koreans have won such cases, but none has been compensated.
Japan has maintained the compensation issue was settled under earlier treaties, and Hayashi said his government's stance had not changed.
The row spilled over into a trade dispute, with Tokyo tightening curbs on exports to South Korea of high-tech materials used in smartphone displays and chips, including fluorinated polyimides, photoresists and hydrogen fluoride.
South Korean tech firms such as Samsung Electronics, SK Hynix and LG Display were affected, although the firms found import routes through other countries, worked to diversify sourcing including investing in local materials firms, and some Japanese firms set up production in South Korea.
South Korea denounced Japan’s moves at the time as a violation of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, saying it would take the necessary countermeasures including filing a complaint. It also tightened trade regulations on Japan, responding with a tit-for-tat move.
Japan's Yomiuri reported on Saturday that Tokyo could lift restrictions on exports of key electronics components to South Korea, as part of a deal for Seoul to withdraw its complaint to the WTO over the trade dispute.
Hayashi said the export curbs are separate from the forced labour dispute, but Yonhap reported that trade officials from both countries could make an announcement on the restrictions as soon as Monday.
