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Commentary: We have to get every country vaccinated right away

Ramping up the production of vaccines and ensuring transparency in contracts are some ways to mitigate the delays in vaccination rollouts among the poorest countries, says the World Bank’s David Malpass.

Commentary: We have to get every country vaccinated right away

A healthcare professional prepares a dose of the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Melbourne, Australia, Feb 22, 2021. (File photo: REUTERS/Sandra Sanders)

WASHINGTON DC: The COVID-19 pandemic will not truly end until everyone has access to vaccines, including people in the poorest countries.

Worldwide vaccination offers the best hope for stopping the spread of infections, saving lives and protecting livelihoods. 

People cannot reach their potential until they can again study, work, travel and socialise in the confident knowledge that they are safe from COVID-19.

Distributing vaccines more widely is thus an urgent necessity. The pandemic has worsened inequality by hitting the poorest and most vulnerable the hardest.

In developing countries, women, children, the poor, and informal-sector workers have paid an extremely high price as COVID-19 took away livelihoods, closed classrooms, and prevented urgent social spending.

Delays in starting vaccination rollouts in developing countries are deepening global inequality and leaving hundreds of millions of elderly and vulnerable people at risk. 

I continue to urge countries with sufficient vaccine supplies to release their additional doses as soon as possible to developing countries that have delivery programmes in place.

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THE LONGER VACCINATON TAKES, THE HIGHER THE RISK OF EXTREME POVERTY

Some countries have gone well beyond vaccinating their most at-risk citizens. But many others have yet to receive any doses, much less administer them widely to the vulnerable.

Many of the poorest countries have limited vaccination capacity and will require several months to immunise a large share of the most at-risk groups.

This illogical approach – using limited vaccine supplies in a handful of countries while low- and middle-income economies wait indefinitely for doses – doesn’t make sense for anyone.

Staff members prepare vaccines at a New South Wales COVID-19 mass vaccination hub as it opens at Sydney Olympic Park in Sydney, Australia, May 10, 2021. (Photo: James Gourley/Pool via REUTERS)

More lives will be lost, global economic growth will be more unequal, and even countries with high vaccination rates will be more at risk from novel coronavirus variants than they would be if developing countries had greater access to vaccines. 

The longer it takes to achieve broad vaccination of the vulnerable, the higher the risk of extreme poverty in 2021 and 2022, which in turn will invite future health and social crises.

Conducting a large-scale vaccination campaign is a major undertaking for any country, but the logistics are particularly challenging for countries with limited resources and fragile health systems. 

The ongoing COVID-19 disaster in India and the surge of infections and deaths in Latin America are grim reminders that the pandemic is as bad as ever for many of the world’s poor.

(Are COVID-19 vaccines still effective against new variants? And could these increase the risk of reinfection? Listen to the full conversation with Profs David Matchar and Gavin Smith on on CNA's Heart of the Matter podcast.)

 

AID POORER COUNTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

A successful global vaccination effort must stand on three pillars. First, countries with an adequate vaccine supply should immediately release doses to the vulnerable worldwide.

This may mean exercising options and guiding vaccines to other countries or making clear to manufacturers that they can quickly send supplies without exposing themselves to legal risk. 

Or it could involve actually fulfilling funding commitments to the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) facility set up by the international community to allocate doses equitably to poorer countries.

READ: Commentary: COVID-19 unlikely to become a thing of the past anytime soon

READ: Commentary: Five pandemic lessons we have learnt that should tide us over any surge in cases

The World Bank already has board-approved financing available in 22 developing countries, with several dozen more expected by mid-year under the fast-track process we used for emergency COVID-19 assistance in 2020. 

This US$12 billion can facilitate rapid vaccine deployment through national health systems and pay for vaccine purchases and shipments if needed.

Standardised, transparent contracts that arrange for fair and equitable distribution are crucial. 

If vaccine supplies pass through COVAX, which envisions immunising the most vulnerable 20 per cent of countries’ populations, World Bank financing can be used to help with distribution and to purchase additional supplies to vaccinate more people.

GREATER TRANSPARENCY IN CONTRACTS

Second, we need greater transparency regarding contracts between governments, pharmaceutical companies and organisations involved in vaccine production and delivery so that financing can be directed effectively, and countries can plan for receipt and deployment. 

A refrigerated container that is part of a shipment containing one million doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unloaded at Viracopos International Airport, in Campinas, Brazil on Apr 29, 2021. (Photo: REUTERS/Amanda Perobelli)

This is also critical to enable the private-sector investments that will be needed to expand supply.

In that spirit, this week the World Bank launched a comprehensive online portal that provides easy access to information on ongoing projects, including individual country-financing operations.

The portal will also incorporate what has been learned from vaccine-readiness assessments we helped undertake with over 140 countries over the last half-year, working closely with Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, the Global Fund, the World Health Organization, and UNICEF.

READ: Commentary: Booster shot for COVID-19 - not everyone needs it

READ: Commentary: India’s second COVID-19 wave threatens global supplies of vaccines

Thus, the Bank’s online portal is also an invitation to vaccine manufacturers, purchasers, and intermediaries to follow suit, and another plea to those controlling the supply of approved vaccines to release them to safe, well-funded deployment programmes.

RAMP UP VACCINE PRODUCTION

The third pillar is increased vaccine production. The International Finance Corporation, the World Bank Group’s private-sector arm, has invested over US$800 million in health care, including in vaccine manufacturers.

And it currently has another US$1.2 billion in the pipeline through the Global Health Platform, a US$4 billion financing mechanism created to help meet the immediate need for vaccines, medical equipment and health services.

READ: Commentary: India’s COVID-19 crisis could cause long-lasting economic scars

The IFC is actively engaging with governments and companies on early-stage development of commercially viable pharmaceutical manufacturing projects, including for COVID-19 vaccines.

The pandemic has overwhelmed health systems worldwide, even in the most developed countries. We must now strengthen them, not just to cope with the vaccination effort, but also to prevent and treat COVID-19 and ensure the full range of essential health services.

The global COVID-19 vaccination campaign will be the largest in history – unprecedented in scale, speed, and complexity. 

Our goal must be to carry it out as quickly, broadly and safely as possible; learn from what worked and what didn’t; and boost preparedness and resilience for future crises.

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David Malpass is President of the World Bank Group. 

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