Stocks hit fresh record, dollar weakens to lowest in three years amid Fed worries

NEW YORK/LONDON :Global shares hit their third record high in three days on Thursday while the U.S. dollar sank to its lowest level in more than three years amid growing market concerns about the Federal Reserve's independence.

The U.S. dollar index was down nearly 0.43 per cent on the session and more than 10 per cent for the year. If the greenback's losses hold until the month ends, it will be the biggest fall in the first half of a year since the start of the era of free-floating currencies in the early 1970s.

Wall Street's main indexes finished higher, with the benchmark S&P 500 and Nasdaq nearing record highs. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.94 per cent to 43,386.84, the S&P 500 rose 0.80 per cent to 6,141.02 and the Nasdaq Composite rose 0.97 per cent to 20,167.91.  

European shares finished up 0.09 per cent. MSCI's gauge of stocks across the globe rose 0.81 per cent to 909.47, hitting a new record high for the third straight session. 

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A Wall Street Journal report said President Donald Trump - who has been urging the Fed to cut rates faster - was toying with the idea of selecting Chair Jerome Powell's replacement in the next few months ahead of the end of his term next May.

Powell had just wrapped up two days of testimony to U.S. Congress, where he said the central bank would be careful in considering further rate cuts as it expects Trump's tariffs would cause prices to rise this summer.

Such an appointment by Trump of a shadow Fed chair will likely shake investor confidence in the central bank's independence, which is helping to contribute to the dollar's weakness, said Wasif Latif, chief investment officer at Sarmaya Partners in New Jersey.

"The market recognizes that sooner rather than later, Powell will walk off the stage and the next appointment will likely be somebody that's a little bit softer or dovish or somewhat politically driven," Latif said. "And the market is saying the next chair will likely be more amenable to big cuts than Powell has been and so I think that's part of what's feeding into the dollar weakness and gold is also reflecting that."

The euro is now at its strongest level against the dollar since September 2021 and trade tariff talks are looming with Washington next week, ahead of a Trump-imposed global deadline of July 9. The single currency was up 0.33 per cent at $1.1697.

The dollar weakened to a decade and half-year low against the Swiss franc at 0.80030. It was also down 0.57 per cent to 144.415 against the Japanese yen.

The dollar index, which measures the U.S. currency against six peers, now sits at its lowest level since March 2022 following its slide this year.

"The striking thing on the dollar trend of the last six weeks is that in almost any market regime the dollar is struggling to appreciate," State Street's Michael Metcalfe said.

"It seems to be in something of structural decline," he added, highlighting State Street data that investors were now the most negative they have been on the dollar - or "underweight" in banking speak - since the COVID pandemic.

Traders are now pricing in a nearly 25 per cent chance of the Fed cutting rates in its end-of-July meeting, compared with 12.5 per cent last week, the CME FedWatch tool showed. 

The yield on benchmark U.S. 10-year notes fell 4.5 basis points to 4.248 per cent, dropping to its lowest level in seven weeks.

The two-year U.S. Treasury yield, which typically moves in step with interest rate expectations, was down 5.8 basis points to 3.721 per cent, its lowest level since May 2. Germany's equivalent, which is a benchmark for Europe, fell 0.7 basis points to 2.558 per cent.

Oil prices were on track for their second straight day of gains after their sharp slump following the Trump-brokered ceasefire early this week between longtime Middle East foes Israel and Iran. Trump had also announced plans to hold talks with Iran next week to seek a commitment from Tehran on curtailing its nuclear ambitions.

Brent crude futures settled up 0.07 per cent to $67.73 a barrel. U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude gained 0.49 per cent to $65.24 a barrel. 

Gold prices gained as the U.S. dollar fell. U.S. gold futures settled 0.2 per cent higher at $3,348. Spot gold was little changed at $3,330.20 an ounce.