After months of calm, Thailand grapples with COVID-19 outbreak
A vendor wearing a face covering to help prevent the spread of coronavirus sells fish from a pushcart outside a produce market in central Bangkok on Dec 23, 2020. (Photo: AP/Adam Schreck)
BANGKOK: After managing against the odds to keep the coronavirus largely in check for most of the year, Thailand has suddenly found itself challenged by an expanding outbreak among migrant workers on the doorstep of the capital, Bangkok.
The surge of cases in Samut Sakhon province threatens to undo months of efforts to contain the virus and hasten recovery of Thailand's ailing economy.
Cases related to the outbreak have already been found in more than a dozen other provinces, including Bangkok.
Officials in the capital ordered existing safety measures, such as social distancing, mask wearing and checking for fevers, to be more strictly observed at markets, temples, parks and entertainment venues.
Contact tracing has found suspected cases for testing as well as areas to be disinfected. At a mall in central Bangkok's popular Siam Square shopping area, three shops visited by a Thai woman who tested positive were temporarily closed for deep cleaning, as was a food court at the nearby MBK mall.
READ: Thai PM blames COVID-19 surge on illegal migration, hints at new curbs
The new wave of coronavirus cases abroad already means Thailand's economic rebound will be slowed as the world economy will take longer to recover, Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha said in a televised speech on Tuesday (Dec 22) evening.
"What we have seen now is that being too relaxed about COVID precaution measures can lead to greater economic suffering," he said.
Thailand reported 46 new coronavirus infections on Wednesday, of which 39 were locally transmitted. Most of the local infections were linked to the shrimp market in Samut Sakhon, reported the Bangkok Post.
Prayut said the situation means Thailand must tread carefully as it relaxes rules for admitting visitors from other countries - an approach that could hinder efforts to revive the country's lucrative tourism industry, whose business dried up after the country closed to regular passenger flights from overseas in early April.
READ: 'A step in the right direction' - Thailand's tourism operators welcome special visa for foreigners
Shortly before the latest outbreak was found last week, a new expanded list of countries whose tourists would be allowed in under tight restrictions was issued, and the idea of shortening a mandatory 14-day quarantine on arrival was under discussion.
Thailand's 576 new cases of the coronavirus reported on Sunday - a 13 per cent increase to Thailand's previous overall total of 4,907 - was the country's biggest daily spike.
It now has a total of 5,762 COVID-19 infections.
READ: Thailand tells market customers to seek tests as COVID-19 cases climb
Health officials said 44 per cent of the migrant workers and people with direct links to the market who have been tested so far were found to be infected, though most did not display symptoms.
The seafood market was sealed off over the weekend, and other local restrictions were imposed, including a night curfew, the banning of travel out of the province and the closing of many public places.
Late Tuesday night, two neighbouring provinces also imposed lockdown measures, including bans on New Year's celebrations. The seaside resort city of Pattaya also cancelled plans for public celebrations.
The Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration on Wednesday declared 23 provinces - almost a third of the total - to be high risk based on vendors identifying where their major customers were from.
Even though cases related to the seafood market have spread around the country, Prayut expressed confidence Thailand "can continue to be among the least affected countries in the world by this terrible disease".
World Health Organization chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has several times praised Thailand's handling of its coronavirus crisis, citing in a September tweet "A whole of society & whole of government response, extensive testing, contact tracing, community engagement, & nationwide mobilization of community #healthworkers".
Prayut's declaration in March of a state of emergency allowed his government also to implement measures ranging from lockdowns and censorship to making mask-wearing mandatory and banning sales of alcohol to fight the virus.
The chairman of the Federation of Thai Industries, Supan Mongkolsuthree, said that due to the new outbreak, Samut Sakhon's industrial sector was facing estimated losses of around 1 billion baht (US$33.1 million) per day.
Supan said the federation opposes lockdown measures in other areas, because the problem was localised and the government could contain it.
Thai Union Group and Charoen Pokphand Foods, both major seafood producers with operations in Samut Sakhon, said they expect little or no disruption to their supply chains.
The origin of the latest outbreak is not yet clear, but virtually all the new cases involve migrant workers from Thailand's neighbour Myanmar working in the seafood industry.
Low-wage migrant labour powers much of Thailand's economy, from factories to fishing and construction. According to Thailand's Labour Ministry, there are more then 233,000 documented migrant workers in Samut Sakhon in addition to an unknown number working illegally.
There are an estimated 4 million to 5 million foreign workers in Thailand, according to the UN-affiliated International Organization for Migration.
Despite efforts at regularising their status, many migrant workers are taken to Thailand by human traffickers and then forced to work in conditions of near slavery for small businesses, as a 2015 investigation by the Associated Press found when it looked into some of the hundreds of shrimp peeling sheds hidden in plain sight on residential streets or behind walls with no signs in Samut Sakhon.
READ: Thailand’s seafood slavery - Why the abuse of fishermen just won't go away
The workers' Myanmar origins have already led to finger-pointing over the current outbreak, since a coronavirus outbreak that began in August in Myanmar’s western state of Rakhine spread to the commercial capital, Yangon, and then farther east to the border with Thailand.
Thai authorities tried to limit cross-border traffic, but the frontier is notoriously porous. In early December, cases that originated in Myanmar were found in northern Thailand. They were Thais who had returned from stays in Myanmar and evaded border controls that would have forced them to quarantine. At least two flew south to Bangkok before they could be traced.
Yet a segment of popular opinion blames migrant workers who allegedly sneaked into Thailand for the new outbreak.
"This latest flare-up of infections in Samut Sakhon is primarily due to such illegal immigrants," Prime Minister Prayuth said on Tuesday, without providing evidence.
Activists for migrant workers frame the situation differently, and point out that two other Southeast Asian countries, Singapore and Malaysia, have also had large outbreaks among migrant workers.
"Migrant workers across Asia continue to remain at high risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19 due to their inability to practice social distancing both at their labour intensive workplaces and at their crowded and often insanitary living accommodation," said Andy Hall, a migrant worker rights specialist working across Asia.
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